Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) is a condition where the immune system mistakenly destroys red blood cells, leading to a shortage of these cells (anemia). This results in decreased oxygen delivery to tissues and can cause a range of symptoms and complications.
Types of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
- Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia : The most common type, where antibodies that attack red blood cells are active at normal body temperatures.
- Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia : Characterized by antibodies that attack red blood cells at lower temperatures, often triggered by cold exposure.
- Mixed Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia : A less common type where both warm and cold antibodies are present, causing hemolysis at varying temperatures.
- Secondary Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia : Occurs due to another underlying condition, such as autoimmune disorders, infections, or certain medications.
Symptoms of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
- Fatigue and weakness
- Pale or yellowish skin (jaundice)
- Shortness of breath
- Rapid heart rate
- Dark-colored urine
- Enlarged spleen or liver
Diagnosis
Diagnosing Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia typically involves blood tests to measure red blood cell levels, reticulocyte count, and the presence of antibodies. Additional tests may include a direct Coombs test, which detects antibodies attached to red blood cells, and a peripheral blood smear to evaluate cell morphology.