Leukemia
Leukemia
Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, the body's blood-forming tissues. Unlike other cancers that form solid tumors, leukemia causes the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells (leukocytes), which crowd out healthy cells, leading to various health complications.
Types of Leukemia
- Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) : Rapidly progressing and primarily affects lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. It is most common in children.
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) : Also fast-growing, AML affects myeloid cells, which produce red blood cells, platelets, and some types of white blood cells. AML mostly affects adults but can occur in children.
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) : A slower-growing form of leukemia that affects lymphocytes. It typically occurs in older adults.
- Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) : This type progresses more slowly and affects myeloid cells. It is most common in adults and may not present symptoms until later stages.
Symptoms of Leukemia
- Fatigue and weakness
- Frequent infections
- Easy bruising or bleeding
- Unexplained weight loss
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Bone or joint pain
- Fever and night sweats
Diagnosis
Diagnosing leukemia usually involves blood tests, such as a complete blood count (CBC), which can detect abnormal levels of white blood cells. If leukemia is suspected, a bone marrow biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.